Earth and Moon as seen from Mars Clouds

Earth and Moon as seen from Mars Clouds in North Polar Region Tracked by MOC Over Five Day Period Viking July 31, 1976 MGS April,2001 Gullies and Streaks

on Crater wall Kaiser October, 2002 Recent Movements: New Landslides in Less than 1 Martian Year Layers, Boulders, and Dust Zephyrus Fossae region west of the Elysium Rise 18 May 2003

The Martian North Polar Cap in Summer - One Year Later early northern summer residual water ice remains through the summer Rectilinear Ridges In South Polar Layered Terrain ("Inca City") Water on Mars Global Map of Epithermal Neutrons

Triple point of water Liquid water cannot exist below 6.112 millibar Mars Pathfinder recorded pressures 6.77 millibar to 7.08 millibar and temperatures from -8C at 2:30pm to -77C at 5:30am MGS has recorded temperatures as high as +24C In the day, an astronaut would feel

his head 10 colder than his toes MGS Thermal Emission Spectrometer Minerals found on Mars include hydrated minerals resulting from weathering Deconvolution results for Martian surface spectral types 1 and 2. A Global View of Martian Surface Compositions from MGS-TES Joshua L. Bandfield, Victoria E. Hamilton, Philip R. Christensen Science, 3 March 2000, volume 287, pages 1626-1630 Surface type

1 Microcline1 Andesine Bytownite Modelderived modes (%) 5.8 22 21.5

Surface type 2 Model derived modes (%) Microcline1

5.7 Bytownite 27 Actinolite 6.1

Muscovite 5.7 Bronzite 5.4 Augite1

12.4 Bronzite 1.6 Augite3 11.3

Augite1 8.4 Forsterite (olivine) 2.9 Gypsum

4.5 Dolomite 3.3 Fe-smectite 9.2

Illite 2.2 Serpentine 4.8 Gypsum

1.8 Calcite 3.7 Dolomite 0.9

Kaolinite 2.4 Illite 9.9 RMS error (emissivity) =

Obsidian Glass 22.8 RMS error Spirit shows its neighborhood